As the first project to independently install and embed ground-source heat exchangers beneath buildings, Beijing Wan Guo Cheng's ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system is currently under construction in an organized and efficient manner. The project has drawn increasing international attention, with the first International Ground Source Heat Pump Association (IGSHPA) installer training program choosing it as a case study. Xu Yunsheng, chairman of the China Geothermal Heat Pump Association’s China Committee, considers the Wan Guo Cheng Project a milestone in the development and application of ground-source heat pump technology. It was also recognized as one of the "Top Ten Architectural Wonders" by Business Week Magazine.
Liu Wei, deputy general manager of Beijing Huaqing Geothermal Development Co., Ltd., who serves as the project manager, shared his insights during an interview. He mentioned that the project is progressing smoothly and that significant technical challenges were overcome during the implementation. This project marks not only the first time soil heat exchangers have been embedded beneath a building but also the first large-scale application of this technology globally.
During a visit to the site, the reporter had the opportunity to meet participants of the first IGSHPA installer training class, which used the Wan Guo Cheng project as a practical example. One participant remarked on the simplicity and effectiveness of the drilling method employed: “It looks easy, but it’s highly practical. We used to think it required heavy machinery, but they managed to do it with just a few simple tools.â€
Huaqing Geothermal Company selected a locally suitable drilling rig after testing several options, and at peak times, over 40 rigs were working simultaneously to ensure timely progress. The project includes 655 vertical soil heat exchangers, each drilled to a depth of 100 meters, located beneath the second floor of the underground garage.
Liu Wei explained that, unlike typical projects where heat exchangers are installed in open areas, this project required placing HDPE pipes below the building, significantly increasing the technical challenge. However, the team successfully addressed issues such as waterproofing and disturbance to the foundation during construction, setting a new standard for similar projects worldwide.
“Ground-source heat pumps are highly energy-efficient,†Liu said. “In winter, you can get 4 or more units of heat for every unit of energy input, and even more in summer.†Despite the higher initial investment—typically tens of dollars per square meter—the long-term operating costs are much lower than traditional HVAC systems.
The Chinese government has also supported the use of ground-source heat pumps through policy incentives. In Beijing, projects using this technology receive a one-time subsidy of 50 yuan per square meter. According to Liu, this makes the cost of adopting ground-source heat pumps comparable to conventional systems, while offering significant energy savings—up to 30% compared to coal-based boiler systems.
Xu Yunsheng noted that while the U.S. provides tax deductions for geothermal systems, China offers direct financial support. However, he believes that as the industry matures, subsidies may decrease in the future. For now, projects like Wan Guo Cheng are paving the way for sustainable, energy-efficient solutions in urban environments where land is limited.
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