**Abstract:** This paper outlines the key principles and content involved in the compilation of the National Standard Atlas for the Selection and Installation of Small Submersible Sewage Pumps. It also addresses related technical issues and practical considerations.
Under the "2000 National Building Standard Design Compilation Work Plan" issued by the Ministry of Construction, China National Machinery Design Institute No. 1 and Jiangsu Institute of Fluid Mechanics jointly undertook the preparation of the national standard titled "Small Submersible Sewage Pump Selection and Installation" (01S305). The atlas was officially published nationwide by the China Institute of Building Standards Design Institute on July 28, 2001.
Compared to traditional horizontal sewage pumps (PW type), submersible sewage pumps offer several notable advantages:
1. They use advanced sealing materials and techniques, enabling long-term operation underwater.
2. Featuring large passage impellers with anti-winding and anti-clogging capabilities, they expand their application range significantly.
3. Advanced electronic control systems allow for automatic protection against overload, phase loss, leakage, and water level alarms, as well as automatic level control.
4. Mobile installation options and automatic coupling devices provide flexibility and convenience for maintenance and repair.
These features have led to rapid development and widespread use of submersible sewage pumps since the 1990s. As their applications in construction projects grew, engineers across the country began requesting a standardized reference to guide the selection and installation of these pumps. In response, the Ministry of Construction officially approved the creation of the National Standard Atlas for the Selection and Installation of Small Submersible Sewage Pumps in 2000.
**1. Scope of Application**
- The atlas applies to basements, outdoor sewage pools, collection wells, and pumping stations.
- It is suitable for drainage of wastewater with temperatures not exceeding 40°C and pH levels between 5–9 (QX series: 6.5–8).
- For industrial wastewater, the quality must not cause corrosion to the pump or piping.
- QDX and QX series are only suitable for cleaner wastewater in areas like basement pump rooms and bicycle garages.
**2. Types of Submersible Sewage Pumps Included**
- Small submersible pumps (QX/WQK, QDX/WQKD series) are used for cleaner wastewater.
- Ordinary submersible sewage pumps (AS, AV, QW, WQ series) are suitable for short-term sewage and wastewater pumping.
- Automatic submersible sewage pumps (JYWQ series) are ideal for sewage with higher sediment content and longer retention times.
**3. Installation Methods**
Indoor sewage pits can be installed using mobile, fixed, or automatic coupling methods. Hose connections are limited to submersible pumps with motor power ≤7.5 kW and pipe diameter ≤100 mm. Outdoor tanks typically use automatic coupling fixed installations. Fire elevator drainage pits require two rigid pipes or two fixed auto-couplings, with a minimum sump volume of 2.0 m³ and a pump flow rate of at least 36 m³/h.
**4. Flow, Head, and Motor Power Range**
The atlas covers submersible pumps with discharge diameters from DN 20 to 150, flows ranging from 1.5 to 200 m³/h, heads from 6 to 32 m, and motor powers from 0.18 to 22 kW. These specifications are designed to meet the needs of most architectural projects.
**5. Automatic Mixing Submersible Sewage Pumps**
The JYWQ series includes a special water diversion device that uses pressure and rotation to mix and clean the sump, preventing sediment buildup. It is ideal for wastewater with high solids content, such as kitchen grease, manure, and underground garage runoff.
**6. Pipe Diameter Calculation Principle**
The discharge pipe diameter is calculated based on the pump’s rated flow, with velocities controlled between 1.2–1.8 m/s for single-pump systems. In dual-pump setups, the common discharge pipe should handle the combined flow, with velocities adjusted accordingly.
**7. Pipe Material**
Discharge pipes can be made of hard plastic, ductile iron, steel, or steel-plastic composite pipes. All materials must withstand at least 0.6 MPa of pressure.
**8. Pipeline Accessories**
Control valves, check valves, flexible joints, and pressure gauges are included in the design. Gate or butterfly valves may be used, and check valves are recommended for sewage applications. Valves are placed outside the sump for easier maintenance.
**9. Effective Volume of the Sump**
The effective volume of an automatically controlled sump must be at least five minutes of the maximum pump output, with no more than six starts per hour. Manual systems may have a smaller volume depending on usage patterns.
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