The "Proposal" outlines comprehensive strategies for deepening structural reforms during the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period. Below are key points elaborated in detail.
First, it emphasizes the need to vigorously advance the reform of the government administrative system, which is crucial for broader reform and enhancing openness. The focus lies on transforming government functions. Currently, many levels of government manage areas they shouldn't and fail to manage those they should. Some departments have unclear responsibilities, outdated management methods, and low efficiency. To address this, the separation of government from enterprises must be strengthened so that enterprises can function as true market entities. This allows the market to play a more fundamental role in resource allocation, while the government can concentrate on economic regulation, market supervision, social management, and public services. It is also essential to establish an effective macro-control system, continue separating government from enterprises, and hand over non-essential tasks to businesses, intermediaries, and markets. At the same time, the government must effectively manage its responsibilities and adapt to new situations by using economic and legal tools more efficiently. Reducing and standardizing administrative approvals and deepening investment system reforms are also critical. A robust market access system should be established, and overall investment activities must be guided, regulated, and supervised. Reforming government agencies, optimizing organizational structures, reducing administrative layers, and streamlining functions will help accelerate the construction of a law-based government. Promoting rule-based governance, improving decision-making mechanisms, and strengthening anti-corruption systems are equally important.
Second, the proposal stresses the importance of maintaining and improving the basic economic system, with public ownership as the mainstay and encouraging diverse forms of ownership. While progress has been made in state-owned enterprise reforms and restructuring, further efforts are needed. Large state-owned enterprises should speed up their shareholding reforms and improve modern enterprise systems. Reforms in monopolized industries, such as relaxing market entry and diversifying ownership, are necessary. A sound state asset supervision system must be established. Reforms in collective enterprises should continue, and policies supporting the non-public sector must be implemented to create a fair environment for healthy development.
Third, the financial and taxation systems must be reformed to align with economic restructuring and sustainable growth. Governments at all levels should have clearly defined powers, and fiscal systems should match these. Adjusting spending structures and building a public finance system are priorities. Improving transfer payment systems and rationalizing provincial financial management are also essential. Tax reforms, including VAT transformation and resource tax adjustments, are part of this effort. Strengthening financial oversight, preventing risks, and promoting the healthy development of capital markets are vital for national economic stability.
As China enters the post-WTO accession phase, opening up faces a complex global landscape. New challenges in trade, intellectual property, and energy will arise. Coordinating domestic and foreign policies, pursuing mutual benefit, and safeguarding economic security are crucial. Foreign trade growth models must shift, foreign capital use must be optimized, and Chinese companies must expand globally in accordance with international rules. Deepening foreign-related economic reforms and protecting national interests remain key.
In addition, the proposal highlights the need to build a harmonious society. This includes addressing employment, social security, education, healthcare, and environmental protection. Employment remains a major concern, especially with growing labor pressures. Social security systems must be improved to ensure fairness and stability. Income distribution gaps must be addressed through policies that promote equity and regulate high incomes. Education must be prioritized, especially in rural areas, with increased funding and better access. Cultural development and public health improvements are also emphasized, along with safety and security measures. Finally, the proposal calls for stronger party leadership, democratic development, national defense, and cross-strait relations, ensuring a stable and prosperous future.
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