[China Instrument Network Instrument New Product] Zhang Junyong from the High-Power Laser Physics Joint Laboratory at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has for the first time developed a multifocal phase-shifted Chinese Taiji lens for X-ray phase-shift holography. This innovative lens was experimentally verified in the optical segment. The research also introduces a lensless Fourier transform holographic imaging technology based on the Chinese Taiji lens.
Schematic structure of the Tai Chi lens
Due to the fundamental diffraction limit, one of the most straightforward ways to achieve higher resolution is to use light sources with shorter wavelengths. In recent years, the rapid development of synchrotron radiation, free-electron lasers, and nuclear-excited X-ray lasers has enabled the widespread use of coherent X-rays in non-destructive material testing, crystal structure analysis, and X-ray microscopy.
As a type of diffractive lens, the zone plate struggles to directly image weak phase objects because detectors only respond to intensity changes. Holography, therefore, becomes a preferred method for measuring and imaging such objects. However, due to the lack of versatile X-ray devices, lensless Fourier transform holography has been widely applied in the X-ray range earlier than traditional phase-shift holograms, which are difficult to implement in X-ray wavelengths.
Inspired by the Chinese Taiji diagram, the research team introduced the concept of yin-yang phase diffraction competition and designed a multi-focal phase-shifted Taiji lens. This amplitude-type diffractive lens is suitable for phase-shift X-ray holography. For EUV and longer coherent light bands, high-efficiency phase-diffraction lenses can be designed to enhance the detection and imaging of weaker signals. The proposed phase-shift holography technique was validated through experiments including a discrimination rate plate and an elliptical vortex focal spot.
The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The related work has been published in the academic journal *Optics Letters* (Opt. Lett. 43, 4085, 2018).
(Original title: Progress in China's Taiji Phase-Shift Holographic Imaging Research in the X-ray Band by Shanghai Opto-mechanics)
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