Shanghai Opto-Mechanical Research Progress in Taiji Phase-Shift Holographic Imaging

[China Instrument Network Instrument New Product] Zhang Junyong from the High-Power Laser Physics Joint Laboratory at the Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has made a groundbreaking achievement by constructing the first multifocal phase-shifted Chinese Taiji lens for X-ray phase-shift holography. This innovative lens was successfully verified through optical segment experiments, marking a significant step forward in the field of high-resolution imaging. The research introduces a phase-shifted lensless Fourier transform holographic imaging technique based on the unique design of the Chinese Taiji lens. This technology leverages the principles of yin-yang diffraction competition to create a multi-layer phase-shifted focal spot, making it an amplitude-type diffractive lens ideal for phase-shift X-ray holography. The design is particularly effective for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and longer coherent light wavelengths, where high diffraction efficiency can enhance the detection and imaging of weak signals. Due to the limitations imposed by diffraction, one of the most straightforward ways to achieve higher resolution is to use shorter wavelength light sources. With the rapid development of synchrotron radiation, free electron lasers, and nuclear-excited X-ray lasers, coherent X-rays have become widely used in non-destructive material testing, crystal structure analysis, and X-ray microscopy. Traditional diffractive lenses, such as zone plates, face challenges in directly imaging weak phase objects because detectors only respond to intensity changes. Holography, however, offers a powerful alternative for measuring and visualizing phase objects. Despite this, the lack of versatile X-ray devices has limited the application of common optical path phase-shift holograms in the X-ray range. By incorporating the concept of yin and yang phase diffraction into the design of the Taiji lens, the research team developed a novel solution that overcomes these limitations. Experimental validations, including tests with a discrimination rate plate and an elliptical vortex focal spot, confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed phase-shift holography technique. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association. The findings were published in the prestigious journal *Optics Letters* (Opt. Lett. 43, 4085, 2018). (Original title: Progress in China's Taiji Phase-Shift Holographic Imaging Research in the X-ray Band of Shanghai Opto-mechanics)

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